When people today imagine the ‘Renaissance’, they typically think of the transitional period that ushered in the glorious modern era, and marked the end of what Petrarch termed the ‘Dark Ages’. However, the reality is far less definite than this perspective allows. Seb Falk, in his book, The Light Ages, argues that the Medieval period is really one of ‘scientific interest and inquiry’. The twelfth century, in particular, stands out with its very own ‘renaissance’.

It was called the “bloodiest border in Europe” for a reason. Thousands of people died escaping Nicolae Ceausescu’s communist regime of 1974-1989—no one knows exactly how many. People from all across Eastern Europe risked everything to flee south through Romania into Yugoslavia and freedom. This border was heavily patrolled and covered in tripwires and barbed-wire fences.

How the Marxist notion of ‘historical materialism’ has developed is well illustrated by examining its conceptual engagement with cultural and intellectual history, which can be observed through at least two broad phases: what Anderson calls the ‘Classical Tradition’ and, later, what became known as ‘cultural Marxism’.

When historians and the public think about the end of domestic slavery in west Africa, they often imagine colonial governors issuing decrees and missionaries working to end local traffic in enslaved people.

This paper covers a broad range of complex and related dynamics that collectively contributed to the conquests of Mexico and Peru by the Spanish. 

On Tuesday, the 4th of November, 1806, the electors of the Borough of Shrewsbury assembled in the town’s guildhall to choose their next parliamentary representatives. There were three candidates for two seats...

In his classic work, the Republic, Plato argues that, in the ideal political state, power should be entrusted into the hands of true philosophers. 

The First World War, “the war to end all wars,” was really just the beginning. The Second World War wouldn’t have happened without the First World War.

Winston Churchill deftly understood Adolf Hitler’s ideology and changed the outcome of WWII by taking a psychological offensive against him.

To Robert Menzies, freedom of worship and religion was a pillar of his own Liberal philosophy, as well as a fruit of his religious faith.